A.病因：
- M1M2IM>10
- 1st MTP>20
B.治療
- Distal Chevron(Mitchell) osteotomy(best way)
- Proximal osteotomy+distal soft tissue procudure
- Keller procedure
- Akin procedure
- Scarf osteotomy
2.Hallux rigidus
病因：
- metatarsal head 有osteophyte
- rigidus
治療
- 無arthritis→chielectimy
- 有arthritis→osteotomy or arthrodesis
3.ankle arthritis
病因：
- ankle instability
- AVN of talus
- inflammatory arthritis
- RA
- degenerative arthritis
- traumatic arthritis(最常見)
治療
- shoe insert
- chielectomy
- lower tibia osteotomy
- high tibia osteotomy(不好用)
- total ankle replacement(成效不彰)→用於RA
- ankle arthrodesis
- triple arthrodesis
4.Flat foot
病因：
- hypermobile flatfoot
- adult flatfoot
- acquired flatfoot
分期
- stage1
- stage2
- stage3
- stage4
治療
- tendon transfer
- calcaneal osteotomy
- isolated talonavicular arthrodes
- double arthrodesis
- triple arthrodesis
5.charcot foot
病因：
- DM併發症
分期
- stage1→急性發炎
- stage2→骨頭healing
- stage3→手術在這期執行
治療
6.plantar fasiitis
支持性治療(80%會好)
- NSAID
- shoe inset and heel cup
- achillis and plantar fascia stretch
手術治療
- total or subtotal faciotomy
- extracorporeal shock wave therapy
7.heel pain-haglund's
